GENEVA (REUTERS) – The World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Tuesday (May 12) that some treatments appear to be limiting the severity or length of the Covid-19 disease and that it was focusing on learning more about four or five of the most promising ones.

The Geneva-based WHO is leading a global initiative to develop safe and effective vaccines, tests and drugs to prevent, diagnose and treat Covid-19. The respiratory illness has infected 4.19 million people around the world, according to a Reuters tally.

“We do have some treatments that seem to be in very early studies limiting the severity or the length of the illness but we do not have anything that can kill or stop the virus,” spokesman Margaret Harris told a briefing, referring to the body’s so-called Solidarity Trial of drugs against the disease.

“We do have potentially positive data coming out but we need to see more data to be 100 per cent confident that we can say this treatment over that one,” she added, saying more research was needed and planned.

Dr Harris did not name the treatments. Gilead Science says its antiviral drug remdesivir has helped improve outcomes for Covid-19 patients.

The WHO official sounded a note of caution around expectations for a vaccine, however, saying coronaviruses in general are “very tricky viruses” that are “difficult to produce vaccines against”.

More than 100 potential Covid-19 vaccines are being developed, including several in clinical trials. The WHO said in April a vaccine would take at least 12 months.

Dr Harris said that the Americas were the current “centre” of the pandemic, although she also noted rising cases in Africa.

However, she said the continent had a “big advantage” over other countries with little experience of infectious disease outbreaks.

“They often have very good contact tracing infrastructure and a deep, deep, deep memory and understanding of why we take a new pathogen very, very seriously,” she said, singling out South Africa for its effective testing and contact tracing.

Asked about the reasons for high case loads in the United States and Brazil, Dr Harris said: “Around the world we have seen that the warnings we put out right from the start, very, very early on, were not seen as warnings about a very serious, lethal disease.”

She restated that the WHO, which has come under criticism especially from the US for its handling of the pandemic, would conduct an “after-action” review that would include a “free and frank” discussion on its performance.

US President Donald Trump is working to reopen the economy quickly against recommendations from health experts to move cautiously to avoid a resurgence of the virus that has so far killed more than 80,000 people in the United States, the highest death toll in the world. He said he acted early to prevent the spread of the disease.

Brazil has registered a total of 168,331 confirmed cases of the virus and 11,519 deaths, the most deadly outbreak in an emerging market nation.

The biggest threat to Brazil’s ability to combat the spread of the coronavirus is President Jair Bolsonaro, according to British medical journal The Lancet.

In an editorial, The Lancet said his disregard for and flouting of lockdown measures was sowing confusion across Brazil. Mr Bolsonaro’s press office declined to comment on the editorial.

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