PARIS (AFP) – From a container wafts the sweetly pungent odour of coffee grounds which, far from being discarded as waste, are being lucratively recycled to produce oyster mushrooms.

Grounds, which Parisian brasseries throw out daily by the tonne, are perfect for the job, and a snapshot of a fast-growing urban agricultural trend.

The mulch of grounds is mixed with cardboard and wood chips and shoved into lengths of plastic with pieces of mushroom culture.

They are then hung vertically in a dark space and left to incubate for a fortnight.

“We are reproducing undergrowth subsoil conditions. The temperature and humidity are comparable,” explains Mr Arnaud Ulrich, co-founder of UpCycle-La boite à champignons (mushroom box), based in the Paris suburb of Saint-Nom-la-Breteche.

Nestled away from the light, the spores of mushroom mycelium fungus – a key food source for many soil invertebrates and which can also help to clean polluted soil – rapidly spread as they would beneath the roots of a tree.

After incubation, the bags containing the grounds and spores, by now completely white, are transferred to a different room for “fructification”.

CUE THE LIGHTS

There, the lights are switched on and humidity reduced. Cuts are made in the bags, allowing the mushrooms to emerge.

“The mushrooms are ‘stressed’ – which makes them want to reproduce and free up their spores, leave the bags,” says Mr Ulrich. “It simply remains to harvest them.”

Mr Ulrich says urban agriculture is first and foremost about recycling organic waste from cities as a means of expanding the move towards a regenerative, “circular economy” making more judicious use of finite resources.

“Thirty per cent of urban waste is useful biowaste and today, only 5 per cent of this organic matter is recycled,” he notes.

“We are just doing what they did in the 19th century, but with modern methods,” he said.

At that time, “Paris mushrooms” were also born from the idea of recycling organic matter.

Market gardeners cultivated their produce in quarries on the perimeter of the capital, making use of the droppings of the thousands of horses who helped to deliver vegetables to the market at Les Halles in central Paris.

SMELL THAT COFFEE AGAIN

Today, some 20 tonnes of coffee grounds are collected each month in and around Paris, the bulk from large firms’ restaurants in the west of the city. Around two tonnes of oyster mushrooms can be produced from that.

At €15 (S$23) per kg, that equates to a €30,000 “harvest”, and a campaign is under way to encourage more Parisian cafes to get in on the act.

“It’s a virtuous undertaking – we are producing between 20kg and 30kg of grounds a week,” says Mr Romain Vidal, 30 and the owner of Le Sully brasserie in Paris and a pioneer of the recycling technique.

“And our chef puts the oyster mushrooms on the menu for the brasserie’s customers,” he adds.

The chef concurs, saying he is “delighted”, describing the mushrooms as thick and juicy.

After every espresso and every cappuccino, Le Sully’s waiters bag the used grounds, which a delivery biker from the coffee company whisks away so further use can be made of them.

Paris’s deep-rooted cafe culture means there is no shortage of the stuff – the city annually produces around 600,000 tonnes of grounds, according to UpCycle, which is helping manage similar projects in several other French towns.

After harvesting, the already recycled grounds embark upon their third lifespan, returning to the ground as compost – or “champost”, a play on the word champignon, French for mushroom – mixed in with mushroom strands and wood cellulose.

With their system up and running, Mr Ulrich and company are branching out by installing “Rocket” compost machines in the heart of Paris’ La Defense business centre.

The machines swallow up organic waste from restaurants such as peelings and leftover food waste, be it meat or fish, as well as grass cuttings.

The resulting scrunched up waste produces compost in record time – which in turn will be utilised to spawn more Parisian mushrooms from September.

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