LONDON (REUTERS) – Prime Minister Theresa May must win a vote in parliament to get her Brexit deal approved, or risk seeing Britain’s exit from the European Union descend into chaos.

May postponed a parliamentary vote on her deal last month, admitting she was set to lose it, and pledging to seek assurances from the EU to help win over lawmakers. The vote is now due to take place on Jan 15.

To win, May and her ministers have to overcome opposition from across the political spectrum.

Here’s how the voting will work:

WHO?

The debate takes place in the lower house of parliament, the House of Commons. May does not have an outright majority of the 650 lawmakers, and the DUP, the small Northern Irish party that usually props up her government, is opposed to the deal.

May needs 318 votes to get a deal through parliament as seven members of the Irish nationalist Sinn Fein party do not sit, four speakers do not vote and four lawmakers who help count votes, known as tellers, are not counted.

WHEN?

Parliament held three days of debate in December before the vote was postponed. The debate restarted on Jan 9 and will end at 1900 GMT on Jan 15 (3am Wednesday Singapore time).

Once the debate has ended, there will be a series of votes: first, to approve or reject amendments to the government’s motion, and then to approve or reject the motion.

Voting will start at 1900 GMT on Jan 15.

WHAT?

The debate will be on whether to approve a motion stating that parliament has approved the Withdrawal Agreement – a legal text setting out the terms of departure – and a separate political declaration outlining the long-term relationship Britain will have with the EU.

WHAT ARE AMENDMENTS?

Lawmakers are able to put forward amendments to this motion. John Bercow, the speaker of the house, chooses on the final day which will be put to a vote. If selected by the speaker, they will be voted on unless the proposers opt to withdraw them.

If approved, an amendment would be included in the final motion’s wording, changing its meaning or adding extra conditions to parliament’s approval.

In some cases, defeat on an amendment is so significant that the voting process is halted and the deal is considered to have been rejected.

While any successful amendments would not bind the government to comply with them, they would be politically hard to ignore, and could dictate May’s next steps.

Ministers have expressed concerns that if any amendment is passed by parliament, it could prevent the deal being ratified because the final vote might not then provide the legally necessary clear and unequivocal approval of May’s deal.

The amendments will be voted on before the deciding ballot on the overall motion. This means May has to win a series of votes, rather than just one, each with the potential to scupper her plan.

HOW WILL THE RESULT BE ANNOUNCED?

Once the debate is finished, the speaker will read out the name of the first amendment and ask those in favour of it to shout “aye”, and then those against “no”. As long as some lawmakers shout “no”, the speaker will call a formal vote, known as a division.

Votes are registered by lawmakers walking through different doorways, out of sight of television cameras and onlookers. Once the headcount is complete – which can take up to 15 minutes – lawmakers return to the debating chamber.

The four appointed tellers will assemble in front of the speaker, and one will read the result out loud.

This procedure is repeated for each individual amendment selected by the speaker, and then the main motion is put to a vote using the same process.

WHAT HAPPENS IF SHE LOSES?

If May loses the vote, she is required by parliament to come back within three working days with a motion setting out her next steps. The deadline for this would be the end of Monday Jan 21.

The government has previously said that if the agreement is rejected, Britain will leave the EU without a deal on March 29.

The reality is that the huge uncertainty in the world’s fifth largest economy and the likely adverse reaction of financial markets would demand a much quicker political reaction.

Some media have reported May would ask parliament to vote again on the deal. May’s office has said she would respond to quickly to any defeat, but has not set out how.

Some lawmakers have floated the idea that parliament could, in a temporary break to convention in Britain, take control of the process away from the government and hand it to a committee of senior lawmakers from across the political spectrum.

With 117 of her party’s 317 lawmakers having voted against her in a confidence vote in December, she is also likely to come under pressure to resign.

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