Oxygen generators from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Raw material for coronavirus vaccines from the United States. Millions in cash from companies led by Indian American businessmen.

As a second wave of the pandemic rages in India, the world is coming to the rescue.

But it is unlikely to plug enough holes in India’s sinking health care system to fully stop the deadly crisis that is underway, and the health emergency has global implications for new infections worldwide, as well as for countries relying on India for the AstraZeneca vaccine.

“It’s a desperate situation out there,” said Dr. Ramanan Laxminarayan, the founder and director of the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, adding that donations will be welcome, but may only make a “limited dent on the problem.”

In the early months of 2021, the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi acted as if the coronavirus battle had been won, holding huge campaign rallies and permitting thousands to gather for a Hindu religious festival.

Now, Modi is striking a far more sober tone. He said in a nationwide radio address on Sunday that India has been “shaken” by a “storm.”

Patients are suffocating in the capital, New Delhi, and other cities because hospitals’ oxygen supplies have run out. Frantic relatives have appealed on social media for leads on intensive-care unit beds and experimental drugs. Funeral pyres have spilled over into parking lots and city parks.

Now, Modi appears to be looking to the rest of the world to help India quell its seemingly unstoppable coronavirus wave.

Vaccinations have been highly concentrated in wealthy nations: 82% of shots worldwide have been given in high- and upper-middle-income countries, according to data compiled by the Our World in Data project. Only 0.2% of doses have been administered in low-income countries.

On Monday (US time), India broke the world record for daily coronavirus infections for a fifth consecutive day, reporting nearly 353,000 new cases. And it added 2,812 deaths to its overall toll of more than 195,000, which experts say may be a vast undercount.

Earlier this month, Adar Poonawalla, the chief executive of the Serum Institute of India, the world’s largest vaccine-maker, made a direct appeal to President Joe Biden on Twitter, asking him to “lift the embargo” on raw material used to make Covid-19 vaccines.

Tim Manning, the White House Covid-19 supply coordinator, said Monday on Twitter that the U.S. Defense Production Act, which Biden invoked in March, did not equate to an embargo.

“Companies are able to export,” Manning tweeted. “In fact, companies that supply our vaccine manufacturing export their product all across the world.”

“There is just more global manufacturing happening everywhere than the suppliers can support,” he added.

Facing increased pressure, the White House said Sunday that it had removed impediments to the export of raw materials for vaccines and would also supply India with therapeutics, test kits, ventilators and personal protective gear.

“Just as India sent assistance to the United States as our hospitals were strained early in the pandemic, we are determined to help India in its time of need,” Biden said on Twitter.

The Biden administration then said Monday that it would share up to 60 million AstraZeneca doses from its stockpile with other countries in the coming months, so long as they clear a safety review being conducted by the Food and Drug Administration.

The U.S. surgeon general, Dr. Vivek Murthy, who announced the plan on Twitter, did not specify which countries would receive those doses.

Between bouts of the pandemic, when Modi’s government thought the worst was behind it, India enacted a policy of vaccine diplomacy, selling or donating 66.4 million doses.

In late March as the domestic caseload began to creep upward, Modi suddenly stopped exports, crippling the vaccination campaigns of other countries reliant on made-in-India vaccine.

The Indian government is now holding back nearly all of the 2.4 million doses produced daily by the Serum Institute, one of the world’s largest producers of the AstraZeneca vaccine. So far, only the U.S. has offered to fill some of the shortage.

Still, vaccine shortages have hobbled India’s effort to protect its people. Only about 2% of the population has been fully inoculated.

Several other countries have also stepped up to offer support to India.

Britain pledged medical equipment, including 495 oxygen concentrators (devices that can extract oxygen from ambient air and provide it to patients) and 140 ventilators. France and Australia are considering sending oxygen supplies. Even Pakistan, with which India has fought several wars and maintains chilly relations, has offered X-ray machines, ventilators and other aid, its foreign minister, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, said.

Two Indian American businessmen — the chief executive of Microsoft, Satya Nadella, and the Google chief, Sundar Pichai — have both said that their companies will provide financial assistance to India.

“Devastated to see the worsening Covid crisis in India,” Pichai wrote on Twitter, pledging $18 million to aid groups working in the country.

Written by: Emily Schmall and Karan Deep Singh
Photographs by: Atul Loke
© 2020 THE NEW YORK TIMES

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