US president and Democratic candidates for White House to take part in South Carolina forum on criminal justice reform.

US Republican President Donald Trump and his top Democratic rivals for the White House in November 2020 will take part in a forum on criminal justice reform at a historically black South Carolina college this weekend.

The forum, at Benedict College, in Columbia, is aimed at tackling the next steps in reforming the United States’s criminal justice system after Trump last year signed bipartisan legislation that instituted a number of changes, including easing harsh minimum sentences for nonviolent drug offenders.

Trump is addressing the forum as a keynote speaker on Friday, when the topic is, “The Conservative Case for Criminal Justice Reform.” Former Vice President Joe Biden, US Senators Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders, and seven other Democratic contenders will present their criminal justice plans over the weekend.

Here is a look at the criminal justice platforms for the highest polling Democrats in the 18-candidate field, as well as Trump’s record during his first term in office.

President Donald Trump

The Republican president signed into law the First Step Act, which reduced mandatory minimum sentences, required officials to try to place inmates in prisons near family, expanded drug treatment programmes for prisoners and parolees, and allowed some federal prisoners to finish their sentences early with good behaviour.

The measure expanded a 2010 law that reduced higher penalties for possession of crack cocaine, used more by the poor and minorities, than for powder cocaine, used more by the wealthy and middle class. It also expanded programmes to help at-risk youth and banned the use of restraints for prisoners who are pregnant or post-partum.

At the behest of celebrity Kim Kardashian West and activists, Trump commuted the sentence of Alice Johnson, who had spent 21 years behind bars for a non-violent drug offence.

Former Vice President Joe Biden

Joe Biden, who served as vice president under former US President Barack Obama, has proposed eliminating prison sentences for drug use, decriminalising cannabis and eliminating sentencing disparities for offences involving crack cocaine and powder cocaine. He also would eliminate the death penalty.

He would end mandatory sentencing that takes discretion away from judges, eliminate private prisons and end the federal system of cash bail, under which defendants who cannot afford to pay must await trial in jail.

Biden also has pledged to reform the juvenile justice system, including keeping young people from being imprisoned with adults. He would end incarceration for children who drink or engage in other behaviours that would be legal if they were older, such as truancy or curfew violations.

He would work to eliminate barriers for felons re-entering society from prison, including restrictions on allowing them to receive food stamps, educational Pell grants and housing support.

Senator Elizabeth Warren

Elizabeth Warren, a US senator from Massachusetts, says the criminal justice system is harshly punitive, locks up too many people and is stacked against the poor and disadvantaged, as well as against African Americans and Latinos.

She has called for increasing social services that help young people stay out of prison, decriminalising truancy and relying on counsellors and teachers rather than police officers in schools.

Warren has promised to push to repeal the 1994 crime bill, which imposed harsh sentences on major and minor crimes alike and removed much of the discretion judges have in deciding who should be imprisoned and for how long.

She would legalise cannabis at the federal level and erase past convictions for the drug. Like several other Democrats, she would eliminate the differences in sentencing for powder versus crack cocaine.

Warren would eliminate the cash bail system, under which defendants who are affluent enough to afford bail do not have to remain in jail pending their trials.

Senator Bernie Sanders

Bernie Sanders, a US senator from Vermont, would push to enact numerous progressive reforms of the criminal justice system, including banning for-profit prisons, abolishing the death penalty and tightening rules and penalties for police misconduct.

He would end the system of requiring cash bail for defendants to avoid jail before they are convicted, a system he believes leads to locking up the poor at greater rates than the wealthy.

Sanders’s “justice and safety” plan would also end so-called “three strikes and you’re out” laws, which mandate life sentences for people convicted of more than two felonies, even if the third crime is a relatively minor offence.

Sanders says he will change the way police officers are deployed and trained, bringing in social workers or conflict negotiators to defuse potentially dangerous situations and mandating criminal charges against officers who engage in misconduct that results in a violation of someone’s civil rights.

Mayor Pete Buttigieg

Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, would end prison sentences for drug possession and expand diversion programmes aimed at keeping people with mental health and drug problems out of the criminal justice system.

Buttigieg has pledged to eliminate racial inequities in jails and prisons, and improve rehabilitation services.

He would eliminate mandatory minimum sentences, which take discretion from judges in imposing prison terms, and establish a clemency commission to commute sentences of people the commission believes have been imprisoned for too long.

Along with his Democratic rivals, Buttigieg would eliminate private prisons and end the system of cash bail.

He also opposes imprisoning people or suspending their driver’s licences for failing to pay fines and court costs.

Kamala Harris

Kamala Harris, a US senator from California, would restrict the legal use of deadly force by police, end the incarceration of juveniles in adult prisons and legalise cannabis at the federal level.

Her proposals are part of a criminal justice platform that Harris says must hold wrongdoers accountable without veering towards what she calls an unjust system of mass incarceration and arrest that has harmed communities of colour and the poor. Harris, a former district attorney and state attorney general, has pledged to end the use of private prisons and seek to improve efforts to rehabilitate violent offenders.

Harris favours restricting the use of deadly force by police officers by allowing them to shoot subjects only when “necessary”, rather than allowing it when “reasonable”, the current standard in many states.

Andrew Yang

Andrew Yang, a businessman, would end the use of for-profit prisons. He would review sentencing laws to bring prison terms in line with what data shows are effective. He also would realign drug policy so that treatment is emphasised rather than punishment.

Yang has vowed to investigate racial disparities in the criminal justice system and to better fund programmes aimed at reducing recidivism and aiding re-entry to society for people who have completed their terms.

Beto O’Rourke

Beto O’Roure, a former US congressman from Texas, believes the country’s current criminal justice system is “built on structural racism”, leading people of colour to be disproportionately imprisoned.

The roots of mass incarceration can be found in an economy that leaves black families poorer, less likely to have good medical coverage and more broadly disadvantaged than whites, O’Rourke said.

Like most of his Democratic rivals, O’Rourke says as president he would decriminalise cannabis, end the system of cash bail and ban the use of private and for-profit prison systems.

He would increase funding for public defenders, the lawyers who provide legal services for people who cannot afford to defend themselves when accused of crimes. O’Rourke has also promised to improve rehabilitation and re-entry programmes for people who have been imprisoned.

Amy Klobuchar

Amy Klobuchar, a US senator from Minnesota, has built her criminal justice proposals around a call for a stronger system of granting clemency for people who have been convicted of crimes.

Pointing to inmates who were sentenced to life terms for first-time drug offences and others who were unfairly imprisoned, she says she would create a clemency advisory board and a position of adviser in the White House on criminal justice issues.

Klobuchar, a former prosecutor, would also further reform the system of requiring mandatory minimum sentences for many crimes.

Mandatory minimum sentences were encoded in law as part of “tough-on-crime” efforts in the 1980s and 1990s. They are believed to have resulted in a ballooning of the US prison population and had a disproportionate effect on defendants of colour. Klobuchar also has called for reforming the cash bail system.

Cory Booker

Cory Booker, a US senator from New Jersey, would extend clemency to inmates convicted of non-violent drug offences, continuing an effort to shorten such sentences that he began as a legislator.

Booker also would decriminalise cannabis at the federal level and expunge the records of people convicted of cannabis-related crimes.

He would end mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug offences. He would eliminate sentencing disparities between crack and powder cocaine, noting that harsher sentences for crack cocaine disproportionately affect defendants of colour.

Like many of his rivals for the Democratic presidential nomination, Booker has decried the so-called “war on drugs”, saying it has led the US to incarcerate more of its people than any other nation and has particularly harmed minority and disadvantaged communities. Booker, who is African American, would ban employers from asking whether job-seekers had ever been arrested as an initial question on an employment application.

Tulsi Gabbard

Tulsi Gabbard, a congresswoman from Hawaii, promises to reform the US criminal justice system by seeking alternatives to incarceration, legalising cannabis and banning private prisons, positions that are similar to those held by the leading Democratic candidates.

She has current laws, noting that the US locks up people for smoking cannabis but did not bring criminal charges against Purdue Pharma, which makes the opioid drug OxyContin at the centre of the deadly US opioid epidemic.

Tom Steyer

Tom Steyer, a billionaire former hedge fund manager and political activist, reflects the views of most progressive Democrats on criminal justice. He decries the prison system as racist and promises to work to eliminate private prisons, end cash bail and reduce the prison population.

He supports better training to reduce police brutality and more funding for public defenders. Steyer also has promised to improve rehabilitation and workforce readiness programmes for those in prison so they can better integrate into society once they are released. He supports the legalisation of cannabis.

Julian Castro

Julian Castro, a former mayor of San Antonio, Texas, and secretary of Housing and Urban Development under former President Barack Obama, would legalise cannabis and expunge the records of those previously convicted of using the drug. He would end the death penalty and make it no longer a crime to enter the US by crossing its border without permission.

In his “People First Policing Plan”, Castro said he would “end over-aggressive policing and combat racially discriminatory policing,” in part by banning the use of deadly force unless there is an imminent threat to human life.

Castro would end the use of private prisons. He would raise the age to be considered a juvenile offender from 18 to 21 and develop community programmes aimed at preventing young people from entering the criminal justice system in the first place.

He would eliminate the use of mandatory minimum sentencing, returning discretion to judges.

Source: Read Full Article