KABUL — At least 10 civilians were killed and several others were wounded over the weekend during American airstrikes in southern Afghanistan, local officials and residents in Helmand Province said on Sunday.

Two residents of the Sangin district of Helmand said eight members of a single family were killed by airstrikes in one house and two more in a nearby structure, among them women and children. Mohammad Hasim Alokozai, a member of Parliament from Helmand, put the death toll higher, saying in an interview that 14 civilians were killed and six wounded in the two houses.

A local resident, Aslam Khan, said the home of his brother, Assti Khan, in the Sangin district, was fired upon by a helicopter when he switched on a flashlight to find his shoes. The shots killed Assti Khan’s 10-year-old son and 3-year-old daughter and wounded his wife and 18-year-old daughter, his brother said in a telephone interview.

An American military spokeswoman in Kabul said that American aircraft had conducted airstrikes in the province late Friday night and early Saturday morning, but that she could not confirm or deny that civilians had been killed. The spokeswoman, Sgt. First Class Debra Richardson, said military officials were looking into the episode.

A Sangin resident, Haji Mohammad Dawoud, said Taliban fighters had fired from a building next to the home of a local man, Nader Shah, whose eight family members were said to have died.

Sergeant Richardson said a joint team of Afghan and American commandos had conducted an operation targeting a Taliban operations center in Sangin, an insurgent stronghold. She said airstrikes were called in after a Taliban insurgent fired at Afghan and American forces from a structure in a civilian area.

Sergeant Richardson said she could not provide the number of troops in the operation or the type of aircraft involved.

A statement issued by the Helmand Province media office said four civilians were killed and two wounded in an airstrike. The statement said the airstrike targeted Taliban insurgents firing from a house.

Aziz Ahmad Azizi, a spokesman for the governor of adjacent Kandahar Province, said 25 Taliban fighters were killed and 10 captured during the operation. Mr. Azizi said he could not confirm reports of civilian deaths or injuries.

Civilian casualties have dogged the American military effort for much of the war, now in its 18th year. American commanders say they follow strict procedures to try to ensure no civilians are present before airstrikes are authorized. They also accuse insurgents of using civilians as shields.

But human rights groups say American and Afghan government forces are not always rigorous in trying to avoid civilian casualties and do not always conduct thorough investigations after attacks. In recent months, more civilians have been in harm’s way as the American military has ramped up attacks against Taliban insurgents, part of an effort to give American negotiators leverage in peace talks with the Taliban.

American and Afghan commandos more than doubled the number of joint raids conducted from September to early February, compared with the same five-month period a year earlier. Last year, American aircraft dropped 7,632 bombs, missiles and other munitions in Afghanistan, up from 4,361 in 2017 and 1,337 the year before.

The most recent United Nations report said civilian deaths from airstrikes rose 39 percent during the first nine months of 2018 compared with the same period the year before.

The United Nations attributed 51 percent of airstrike casualties to American aircraft and 38 percent to Afghan military aircraft. Responsibility for the remainder could not be determined.

According to the United Nations, 65 percent of all civilian casualties were attributed to insurgents.

In the Helmand airstrikes this weekend, like many during the war, reports from remote areas were incomplete and sometimes contradictory. Residents said they were frightened and disoriented after being awakened by the sounds of helicopters and gunfire.

A Taliban spokesman, Qari Yousuf Ahmadi, said 11 civilians were killed and 15 wounded by Afghan and American forces during the operation. The insurgents often inflate casualty numbers.

Taliban officials raised the issue of civilian casualties during peace negotiations with American representatives in Doha, Qatar, in late January. “The more they kill, the more our blood will turn hot,” a senior Taliban official said.

On Sunday, President Ashraf Ghani of Afghanistan, whose government has been excluded from the peace talks, offered to provide offices and security for Taliban officials in Kabul and two other Afghan cities. Both Mr. Ghani and former President Hamid Karzai have made similar offers in the past, but they were rejected by the insurgents.

The Taliban have long refused to negotiate with the government, calling it illegitimate. More recently, they have said they will consider talking to the government once foreign troops announce their withdrawal.

David Zucchino reported from Kabul, and Taimoor Shah from Kandahar. Fatima Faizi and Fahim Abed contributed reporting from Kabul.

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