Japan's space probe to deliver precious cargo of rare asteroid dust
TOKYO • Call it a special delivery: After six years in space, Japan’s Hayabusa-2 probe is heading home, but only to drop off its rare asteroid samples before starting a new mission.
The fridge-sized space probe, launched in December 2014, has already thrilled scientists by landing on and gathering material from an asteroid 300 million kilometres from Earth. But its work is far from over, with scientists from Jaxa (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) planning to extend its mission for more than a decade and targeting two new asteroids.
Before that, Hayabusa-2 has to drop off its precious samples from the asteroid Ryugu – “dragon palace” in Japanese.
“The probe is now in a very good condition,” project manager Yuichi Tsuda said on Friday, hailing its return as a “rare event in human history”.
Scientists are hoping it will bring around 0.1 gram of material that will offer clues about what the solar system was like at its birth some 4.6 billion years ago.
The samples could shed light on “how matter is scattered around the solar system, why it exists on the asteroid and how it is related to Earth”, Mr Tsuda said, ahead of today’s drop-off in Australia.
The material is in a capsule that will separate from Hayabusa-2 while it is some 220,000km above Earth and then plummet into the southern Australian desert.
The samples were collected during two crucial phases of the mission last year. In the first, Hayabusa-2 touched down on Ryugu to collect dust before firing an “impactor” to stir up pristine material from below the surface.
Months later, it touched down to collect additional samples.
“We may be able to get substances that will give us clues to the birth of a planet and the origin of life… I’m very interested to see the substances,” mission manager Makoto Yoshikawa told reporters.
Protected from sunlight and radiation inside the capsule, the samples will be collected, processed, then flown to Japan.
After dropping off its samples, Hayabusa-2 will complete a series of orbits around the Sun for around six years – recording data on dust in interplanetary space and observing exoplanets.
It will then approach the first of its target asteroids in July 2026. The probe will not get that close to the asteroid named 2001 CC21, but scientists hope it will be able to photograph it as it completes a “high speed fly-by”.
Getting so close could help develop knowledge about how to protect Earth against asteroid impact.
Hayabusa-2 will then head towards its main target, 1998 KY26, a ball-shaped asteroid with a diameter of just 30m.
When the probe arrives at the asteroid in July 2031, it will be about 300 million km from Earth.
And the target poses significant new challenges, not least because it is spinning rapidly, rotating on its axis about every 10 minutes.
Hayabusa-2 will observe and photograph the asteroid, but it is unlikely to land and collect samples, as it probably will not have enough fuel to return them to Earth.
Still, just making it to the asteroid will be a feat, said Nagoya University’s professor of planetary science Seiichiro Watanabe, a Hayabusa-2 probe project scientist
“It’s like an athlete who scored two tries at a Rugby World Cup game attempting to compete in the Olympics, 10 years after switching over to figure skating,” he told reporters. “We had never expected that the Hayabusa-2 would carry out another mission… but it’s a scientifically meaningful and fascinating plan.”
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
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