The US has tested a medium-range cruise missile weeks after pulling out of a key treaty with Russia that banned such nuclear-capable weapons.

The Pentagon said it successfully launched the missile off the coast of California on Sunday.

Moscow accused the US of “escalating military tensions”.

The US withdrew from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty on 2 August after accusing Russia of violating it – a claim Moscow denies.

Analysts fear the collapse of the INF could spark a new arms race.

The Cold War-era treaty banned missiles with ranges of 500-5,500 km (310-3,400 miles).

The Pentagon said the missile, launched from the US-Navy controlled San Nicolas Island off the coast of Los Angeles, was “conventionally configured”, meaning not nuclear-equipped.

“The test missile exited its ground mobile launcher and accurately impacted its target after more than 500km (310 miles) of flight,” the US defence department said in a statement.

“Data collected and lessons learned from this test will inform the Department of Defense’s development of future intermediate-range capabilities.”

Russia called it a “cause of regret”.

“The US has obviously taken the course of escalating military tensions. We won’t react to provocations,” Russian deputy foreign minister Sergei Ryabkov was quoted by state news agency Tass as saying.

What happened to the INF treaty?

Russia has been accused of breaching the terms of the treaty in the past, but earlier this year the US and Nato said there was evidence that Moscow was deploying a new type of cruise missile, the 9M729, known to Nato as SSC-8.

Russia denied the accusation and President Putin said it was a pretext for the US to leave the pact.

In February President Donald Trump set a 2 August deadline for the US to withdraw from the INF if Russia didn’t come into compliance.

Russian President Vladimir Putin suspended his country’s own obligations to the treaty shortly afterwards.

The US withdrew from the INF as it had threatened on 2 August, and US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said: “Russia is solely responsible for the treaty’s demise.”

Russia’s foreign ministry said the US decision to withdraw was “a grave mistake”.

The collapse of the historic agreement has led to concerns that it could lead to a new arms race between the US, Russia and China.

UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said “an invaluable brake on nuclear war” had been lost.

“This will likely heighten, not reduce, the threat posed by ballistic missiles,” he said, urging all parties to “seek agreement on a new common path for international arms control”.

Nato Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said the transatlantic alliance would “respond in a measured and responsible way to the significant risks posed by the Russian 9M729 missile to allied security”.

But, he added, Nato “does not want a new arms race” – and he confirmed there were no plans for the alliance to deploy land-based nuclear missiles of its own in Europe.

Last month, he told the BBC that the Russian missiles were nuclear-capable, mobile, very hard to detect and could reach European cities within minutes.

What was the INF Treaty?

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