The warden and the head of the federal Bureau of Prisons have been reassigned. Two employees accused of sleeping on the job and falsifying records have been placed on administrative leave.

Now, roughly 15 employees at the Metropolitan Correctional Center where Jeffrey Epstein killed himself in his jail cell have been subpoenaed as the criminal investigation into the events around his suicide intensifies, according to a prison official and a person with knowledge of the matter.

The subpoenas, issued in recent days by federal prosecutors in Manhattan, are the latest sign of the heightened scrutiny over the suicide of the high-profile detainee at the chronically understaffed federal jail.

The United States attorney general, William P. Barr, whose Justice Department oversees the Bureau of Prisons, has complained about “serious irregularities at this facility.” On Wednesday he went further, telling reporters in Dallas, “unfortunately, there have been some delays because a number of the witnesses were not cooperative.”

The suicide of Mr. Epstein, 66, a wealthy financier who had been accused of sexually abusing dozens of girls, has put pressure on Mr. Barr to explain how such a prominent defendant was left unsupervised long enough to hang himself.

It was unclear which employees had received subpoenas, but Mr. Barr said on Wednesday that a number of witnesses at the jail were requiring union representation and lawyers before they would agree to interviews.

Eric Young, the president of the union that represents federal prison workers, disputed Mr. Barr’s claim that jail employees had been uncooperative. He said the Justice Department had been unwilling to grant immunity to workers.

“The Justice Department would like employees to waive away their minimum constitutional right to representation,” Mr. Young said in an interview on Thursday. “That’s what they consider to be a cooperative employee.”

The two staff members in the special housing unit where Mr. Epstein was held — 9 South — are accused of falsely recording in a log that they had checked on Mr. Epstein every 30 minutes, as was required. But Mr. Epstein, who had been removed from suicide watch after apparently trying to kill himself on July 23, had not been checked on for about three hours, several law enforcement and prison officials with knowledge of the matter have said.

The subpoenas seek testimony from the jail employees and are part of an inquiry being conducted by the F.B.I., prosecutors with the Southern District of New York and investigators from the New York office of the Department of Justice’s inspector general, said a person with knowledge of the investigation, who asked to remain anonymous because he was not authorized to speak on the matter. It was unclear whether the subpoenas also sought records or other materials.

The New York City medical examiner determined that Mr. Epstein’s Aug. 10 death was a suicide by hanging. Still, that has not quashed unfounded conspiracy theories that claim other people may have played a role in silencing Mr. Epstein, whose social circle included celebrities, academics and powerful politicians.

A decade ago, Mr. Epstein served 13 months in a Florida jail and registered as a sex offender after pleading guilty to state prostitution charges under a highly criticized agreement that, at the time, shielded him from federal prosecution.

He was arrested in July by F.B.I. agents and New York police detectives at Teterboro Airport and charged with federal sex trafficking following renewed interest in his case.

The Justice Department has announced high-level staffing changes since Mr. Epstein’s suicide.

The acting director of the Bureau of Prisons, Hugh Hurwitz, was reassigned on Monday, and the warden of the Manhattan jail, Lamine N’Diaye, was transferred to an office in Philadelphia.

The Metropolitan Correctional Center and other federal prisons across the country have been dealing with rising levels of violence and other safety problems as the Trump administration, in its quest to shrink the government, has curtailed prison hiring, according to an investigation by The New York Times last year.

Some prisons, including the Manhattan jail, have been so pressed for guards that they have forced teachers, nurses, cooks and other support staff members to step in. One of the staff members who was guarding Mr. Epstein when he died was not a regular correctional officer, but instead worked in the business office, according to three prison officials.

Staffing shortages existed before Mr. Trump took office, but a governmentwide hiring freeze imposed just days into his administration pushed the Bureau of Prisons’s employment into free-fall. The freeze was lifted elsewhere in April 2017, but remained in place at the bureau for several more months.

The Bureau of Prisons employs 15,012 correctional officers nationwide, down from 16,623 in December 2016, according to data provided by the agency.

At the Manhattan jail, there are 111 officers, down from 137 at the end of 2016. There are currently 17 vacant positions for correctional officers at the jail, according to the Bureau of Prisons.

The last suicide at the Manhattan jail before Mr. Epstein’s was in 2006, according to the bureau.

Katie Benner and Christina Goldbaum contributed reporting.

William K. Rashbaum is a senior writer on the Metro desk, where he covers political and municipal corruption, courts, terrorism and broader law enforcement topics. He was a part of the team awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for breaking news. @WRashbaum • Facebook

Danielle Ivory is an investigative reporter. Before joining The Times in 2013, she wrote about government contracting at Bloomberg News. @danielle_ivory

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